Cognitive difficulties

    • CBR4. Lumba-Brown A, Yeates Keith O, Sarmiento K, Breiding Matthew J, Haegerich Tamara M, Gioia Gerard A, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline on the diagnosis and management of mild traumatic brain injury among children. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172(11):1-13. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2853.Adapted4
    • N/A New
    • EBR (conditional)164, 173, 235, 272, 302-3134. Lumba-Brown A, Yeates Keith O, Sarmiento K, Breiding Matthew J, Haegerich Tamara M, Gioia Gerard A, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline on the diagnosis and management of mild traumatic brain injury among children. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172(11):1-13. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2853.
      29. Marshall S, Lithopoulos A, Curran D, Fischer L, Velikonja D, Bayley M. Living concussion guidelines: Guideline for concussion and prolonged symptoms for adults 18 years or older 2023 [Available from: https://concussionsontario.org.]
      164. Hromas GA, Houck ZM, Asken BM, Svingos AM, Greif SM, Heaton SC, et al. Making a Difference: Affective Distress Explains Discrepancy Between Objective and Subjective Cognitive Functioning After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2021;36(3):186-95. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000618.
      173. Anderson JFI. The association between pain type, cognition and complaint after mild traumatic brain injury in prospectively studied premorbidly healthy adults admitted to hospital. Neuropsychology. 2020;34(1):53-62. doi: 10.1037/neu0000585.
      235. Anderson JFI, Jordan AS. An observational study of the association between sleep disturbance, fatigue and cognition in the post-acute period after mild traumatic brain injury in prospectively studied premorbidly healthy adults. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2021;31(9):1444-65. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1781665.
      272. Karr JE, Iverson GL, Huang SJ, Silverberg ND, Yang CC. Perceived Change in Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional Symptoms after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients with Pre-Injury Anxiety or Depression. J Neurotrauma. 2020;37(10):1183-9. doi: 10.1089/neu.2019.6834.
      302. Van Patten R, Iverson GL. Examining associations between concussion history, subjectively experienced memory problems, and general health factors in older men. Clin Neuropsychol. 2023;37(1):119-40. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1991481.
      303. Broggi M, Ready RE. Academic skills, self-perceptions, and grades in university students with a history of multiple concussions: The mediating roles of processing speed and psychological symptoms. Clin Neuropsychol. 2022;36(8):2188-204. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1958924.
      304. Crocker LD, Jurick SM, Thomas KR, Keller AV, Sanderson-Cimino M, Hoffman SN, et al. Mild traumatic brain injury characteristics do not negatively influence cognitive processing therapy attendance or outcomes. J Psychiatr Res. 2019;116:7-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.022.
      305. Hwang PH, Nelson LD, Sharon JD, McCrea MA, Dikmen SS, Markowitz AJ, et al. Association between TBI-related hearing impairment and cognition: A TRACK-TBI study. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2022;37(5):E327-E35. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000735.
      306. Jurick SM, Crocker LD, Merritt VC, Sanderson-Cimino ME, Keller AV, Glassman LH, et al. Independent and synergistic associations between TBI characteristics and PTSD symptom clusters on cognitive performance and postconcussive symptoms in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021;33(2):98-108. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20050128.
      307. Schneider ALC, Huie JR, Boscardin WJ, Nelson L, Barber JK, Yaffe K, et al. Cognitive outcome 1 year after mild traumatic brain injury: results from the TRACK-TBI study. Neurology. 2022;98(12):e1248-e61. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200041.
      308. Stenberg J, Karr JE, Terry DP, Haberg AK, Vik A, Skandsen T, et al. Change in self-reported cognitive symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury is associated with changes in emotional and somatic symptoms and not changes in cognitive performance. Neuropsychology. 2020;34(5):560-8. doi: 10.1037/neu0000632.
      309. Van Patten R, Keith C, Bertolin M, Wright JD. The effect of premorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on neuropsychological functioning in individuals with acute mild traumatic brain injuries. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2016;38(1):12-22. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1091064.
      310. Disner SG, Kramer MD, Nelson NW, Lipinski AJ, Christensen JM, Polusny MA, et al. Predictors of postdeployment functioning in combat-exposed U.S. military veterans. Clin Psychol Sci. 2017;5(4):650-63. doi: 10.1177/2167702617703436.
      311. Terry DP, Brassil M, Iverson GL, Panenka WJ, Silverberg ND. Effect of depression on cognition after mild traumatic brain injury in adults. Clin Neuropsychol. 2019;33(1):124-36. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1459853.
      312. Saksvik SB, Smevik H, Stenberg J, Follestad T, Vik A, Haberg A, et al. Poor sleep quality is associated with greater negative consequences for cognitive control function and psychological health after mild traumatic brain injury than after orthopedic injury. Neuropsychology. 2021. doi: 10.1037/neu0000751.
      313. Garcia A, Reljic T, Pogoda TK, Kenney K, Agyemang A, Troyanskaya M, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea risk is associated with cognitive impairment after controlling for mild traumatic brain injury history: a chronic effects of neurotrauma consortium study. J Neurotrauma. 2020;37(23):2517-27. doi: 10.1089/neu.2019.6916.
      Adapted4,29
    • EBR (conditional)289, 290, 314, 316-32129. Marshall S, Lithopoulos A, Curran D, Fischer L, Velikonja D, Bayley M. Living concussion guidelines: Guideline for concussion and prolonged symptoms for adults 18 years or older 2023 [Available from: https://concussionsontario.org.]
      289. Jak AJ, Jurick S, Crocker LD, Sanderson-Cimino M, Aupperle R, Rodgers CS, et al. SMART-CPT for veterans with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and history of traumatic brain injury: a randomised controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019;90(3):333-41. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319315.
      290. Acabchuk RL, Brisson JM, Park CL, Babbott-Bryan N, Parmelee OA, Johnson BT. Therapeutic effects of meditation, yoga, and mindfulness-based interventions for chronic symptoms of mild traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2021;13(1):34-62. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12244.
      314. Pagulayan KF, O’Neil M, Williams RM, Turner AP, Golshan S, Roost MS, et al. Mental health does not moderate compensatory cognitive training efficacy for veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98(9):1893-6 e2. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.04.009.
      316. Cooper DB, Bunner AE, Kennedy JE, Balldin V, Tate DF, Eapen BC, et al. Treatment of persistent post-concussive symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of cognitive rehabilitation and behavioral health interventions in military service members and veterans. Brain Imaging Behav. 2015;9(3):403-20. doi: 10.1007/s11682-015-9440-2.
      317. Fure SCR, Howe EI, Andelic N, Brunborg C, Sveen U, Roe C, et al. Cognitive and vocational rehabilitation after mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury: A randomised controlled trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2021;64(5):101538. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101538.
      318. Samuelson KW, Engle K, Abadjian L, Jordan J, Bartel A, Talbot M, et al. Cognitive training for mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder. Front Neurol. 2020;11:569005. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.569005.
      319. Storzbach D, Twamley EW, Roost MS, Golshan S, Williams RM, O’Neil M, et al. Compensatory cognitive training for Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn veterans with mild traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2017;32(1):16-24. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000228.
      320. Twamley EW, Jak AJ, Delis DC, Bondi MW, Lohr JB. Cognitive Symptom Management and Rehabilitation Therapy (CogSMART) for veterans with traumatic brain injury: pilot randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(1):59-70. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2013.01.0020.
      321. Twamley EW, Thomas KR, Gregory AM, Jak AJ, Bondi MW, Delis DC, et al. CogSMART compensatory cognitive training for traumatic brain injury: effects over 1 year. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015;30(6):391-401. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000076.
      Adapted29
    • CBR29. Marshall S, Lithopoulos A, Curran D, Fischer L, Velikonja D, Bayley M. Living concussion guidelines: Guideline for concussion and prolonged symptoms for adults 18 years or older 2023 [Available from: https://concussionsontario.org.]Adapted29
    • CBR29. Marshall S, Lithopoulos A, Curran D, Fischer L, Velikonja D, Bayley M. Living concussion guidelines: Guideline for concussion and prolonged symptoms for adults 18 years or older 2023 [Available from: https://concussionsontario.org.]Adapted29
    • CBR14829. Marshall S, Lithopoulos A, Curran D, Fischer L, Velikonja D, Bayley M. Living concussion guidelines: Guideline for concussion and prolonged symptoms for adults 18 years or older 2023 [Available from: https://concussionsontario.org.]
      148. Varner CE, McLeod S, Nahiddi N, Lougheed RE, Dear TE, Borgundvaag B. Cognitive rest and graduated return to usual activities versus usual care for mild traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled trial of emergency department discharge instructions. Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(1):75-82. doi: 10.1111/acem.13073.
      Adpated29